Putin Signs Law on Digital Currency and Digital Rights, Effective 2026

Russian President Vladimir Putin has signed the "Law on Digital Currency and Digital Rights," with core provisions set to take effect on September 1, 2026. The law establishes an operational framework for cryptocurrency exchanges, digital asset treasuries, and market participants, and stipulates the conditions under which investors can purchase cryptocurrencies. Only entities registered with a specialized registration body are permitted to engage in digital currency trading activities, although these entities can operate without registration until July 1, 2027. The minimum capital requirement for such institutions is 15 million rubles (approximately 187,339 USD).

Retail (non-qualified) investors may only purchase the most liquid cryptocurrencies through intermediary institutions, with an annual purchase limit of 300,000 rubles (approximately 3,700 USD) per intermediary. Qualified investors are not subject to this restriction and can purchase any cryptocurrency. Both types of investors must pass a specialized eligibility test, and individuals can qualify as qualified investors based on their trading history in the cryptocurrency market. The law still prohibits the use of digital currencies and digital rights as means of payment or legal tender within Russia.

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